public schools (2013) due to “graphic illustrations and language” and concerns about “developmental preparedness” and “student readiness.” Seventh- and eleventh-grade students study the graphic novel about the author’s experience growing up in Iran during the Iranian revolution as part of Chicago Public Schools’ Literacy Content Framework. Removed, via a district directive, from all Chicago, Ill.

Source: Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom,Mar. Activists plan to appeal the ruling to the U.S. On March 8, 2013, a federal court upheld most provisions of an Arizona state law used to prohibit the controversial Mexican-American Studies curriculum in Tucson. The superintendent has spent years crusading against ethnic studies programs that he claims are “brainwashing” children into thinking that Latinos have been victims of white oppression.

In a district with over 60 percent of the students coming from Mexican-American backgrounds, the school board “dismantled its Mexican-American Studies program, packed away its offending books, shuttled its students into other classes,” according to a January 21, 2012, New York Times editorial because “it was blackmailed into doing so.” The Times referred to measures taken by Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction John Huppenthal, who threatened to withhold millions of dollars if the school district didn’t terminate the nationally acclaimed program immediately. Unified School District (2012) along with Critical Race Theory, by Richard Delgado Message to Aztlan, by Rodolfo Corky Gonzales Chicano! The History of the Mexican Civil Rights Movement, by Arturo Rosales Pedagogy of the Oppressed, by Paulo Freire Rethinking Columbus: The Next 500 Years, edited by Bill Bigelow and Bob Peterson and Occupied America: A History of Chicanos, by Rodolfo Acuña.

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